Chuck



Dec. 20, 1949 w. N. CHITTENDEN CHUCK Filed July 26, 1946 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 v VINVENTOR.

WINDSOR N. CH/T'TENDEN 1949 w. N. CHITTENDEN 2,491,505

CHUCK 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed July 26, 1946 FIG. 12 FIG. 4

F/a/J Fla. /5

Fla/6 Patented Dec. 20, 1949 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CHUCK Windsor N. Chittenden, Maple Heights, Ohio Application July 26, 1946, Serial No. 686,353

10 Claims. 1

This invention relates to a chucking device and has for its purpose the provision of a simple positive action device for holding machine tools such as drills, reamers, taps, and the like with positive action and accurate positioning.

A more specific object is to provide in such a chuck a tool carrier of itself capable of securely holding the tool in an exact concentric position and in an adjusted longitudinal position, and which tool carrier shall be capable of being quickly removed or positioned and positively held in an equally accurately machined carrier member.

Another specific object is to provide a novel uniformly effective and durable locking means for holding the tool carrier in an accurately machined tapered seat, and for permitting its removal consequent upon a, single movement of an external sleeve or collar.

Still another object is to so arrange the locking means that the sleeve or collar may effectively and securely hold the tool carrier in position, but which may be moved to release the same by a short axial movement which may be eiiected by hand.

I Still another object is to provide for automatically striking the tool carrier with a very light sharp blow to release the tapered surface engagement simultaneously with moving the sleeve or collar to the unlocking position.

Other objects will become apparent in the follOWiIlg description which relates to the accompanying drawings, the essential characteristics of the invention being summarized in the appended claims.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is an axial section taken on intersecting radial planes indicated by the lines l-| on Fig. 2.

Fig. 2 is a section taken transversely of the axis of the assembly shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is an elevation showing the locking sleeve in section.

Fig. 4 is a view of the removable tool and collet carrier member.

Fig. 5 is a top plan of the member shown on Fig. 4.

Fig. 6 is an enlarged sectional detailtaken on a plane corresponding to that of Fig. *1, showing the position of a locking ball when the tool carrier member is being inserted or removed.

, Fig. '7 is a still further enlarged view showing the locked position of a ball, the locking sleeve and tool carrier member.

i Fig. 8 is an axial section taken on intersecting radial planes, indicated by the lines 8-8 of Fig. 9.

Fig. 9 is a transverse section taken on a plane, indicated by the line 9-9 of Fig. 8.

Fig. 10 is an enlarged sectional detail taken on a plane corresponding to that of Fig. 8, showing the releasing position of one of the locking members.

Fig. 11 is a view similar to Fig. 10, showing a modified form of the locking member.

Fig. 12 is a plan of one of the locking elements removed.

Fig. 13 is an enlarged sectional detail of the same.

Figs. 14 and 15 are similar views, respectively, of the modified form of locking element shown in Fig. 11.

Fig. 16 is a sectional detail showing the releasing position of a releasing pin.

One form of my invention in which balls are used for locking means is illustrated particularly in Figs. 1 to 7 in which a body or frame member I is carried by a spindle or shaft 2, adapted to cooperate and be carried by the spindle of a machine tool. The body has an enlarged portion 3, having a steep-angle ground internal surface at 4 to receive an accurately fitting tapered surface on a collet carrier I 9.

Carried in the head 3 are a plurality of steel balls I2 fitted into uniformly spaced holes 5, and in the collet I6, I provide a groove-like depression I5 accurately machined and ground to fit the balls l2, and having a depth of about one quarter to onethird of the diameter of the balls i2.

These balls are pressed inwardly into holding position, as shown in Figs. 1 2 and '7, by a closely fitting slidable sleeve 20, embracing the enlarged portion 3 of the head I, and having an inturned flange 2 I, engaging a shoulder at the inner or upper end of the enlarged portion, limiting its downward movement when in normal running position. A ring 23 may be set into the head portion to limit the movement of the sleeve toward the shank 2.

The balls are prevented from dropping inwardly through the holes by an inturned lip formed on each of the openings 5, as indicated at 5.

The sleeve 20 is provided with an internal groove or channel 25 accurately machined into its inner surface to fit and receive the ball surfaces when the sleeve is moved upwardly into the position shown in Fig. 6. This groove 25 is preferably of a depth approximately one-fourth of the diameter of the balls.

The collet carrier In is provided at its upper end with slots or notches 30, Figs. 4 and 5, which engage inwardly projecting pins 32 to effect positive driving of the carrier member, but which are soft and may shear for the protection of the tool. It will be seen the pins may be readily replaced.

This carrier It! is provided with a cylindrical inner surface ll extending from a tapered surface [8 and fitting corresponding surfaces on spring grip member or collet 30.. This collet serves to carry ,a tool which ma baa cuttingor. working tool of any character to be so held and driven. This spring collet shown is suited to the,

present invention but may nevertheless be of any desired construction, provided only that it is 07,, curately concentric with the carriergnember 1B, and that it accurately centers a tool carried thereby.

In the form shown, it is slotted at ll inwardly to the cylindrical portion, thus providing a plurality of spring fingers, the outward ends Of which L are tapered as shown, at 42 to receivelocking collar 45, fitted over the taper 42, and which-{is adapted. to be forced inwardly against the col'let or gripping fingers by means of lcoaoting flanges fliiandill; The .lattenflangeis formed on a nut 55),:shownas threadedonto threads 5l.-. of thecarrierlmember-lm Thegaction. of. this collar and: nut is such as to allow the nut to slide in turning around: the ,tapered mcollety: effecting .1 the gripping without twisting or distortinglthe collet fingers.

This characteristic is shownin; my; prior patent, No. 2,272,185, issued February 10, 1942.

The; bore, of- -;the;.;c011et:may receive a closely fitting shank or any suitable tool, indicated in dot. nd des ine et-fil I -many es th o o let and. sa i e-amen b previously assembled and may be quickly inserted onremoved as aunitm Because-of the close fit of the parts, as the taper of; the carrier H1 comes up t the u ie e 4 a r--1 ntlia p dh less n e Accordinglyrl havesho wn-a yent opening 52', leade ing fromthetaper. cavity in the enlarged portion of thehead to the-outside of the head (see Figs. 1 and. 3).. A relief-channeliltgnayhe formed in.

the .sleeye .20 and. a. small opening,. o4 -;m ay lead.

fromthis .channelto .the exterior. of the sleeve 20,. thus. ensuring venting, of theair whichmay be-.en-. trapped as the parts; are brought tightlytogethen.

In, operation thesize ofthebaHs-and fit: of-the sleevetzll withrelation tothedepth ofthe groove 15,, is, such that the balls areheld snugly and preferablyunder very slight compressionfin engage: ment with the. holdingphanriel, l5, and in 417118 position shownparticnlarly in Figs.,l andy'l.

ei ne el ie-l h ve show -the @Qfi of the parts in l0 ckin,g ,orholcling relation; and.

ere. i e wnt ee e eft iballsandt e efiect otthe force exerlted on them. Havlng in.

mind that thebel s ,znayme e ree ythroushth n in e 5,. e nnereu fie e of he e e .2 .1. ctst e. ha ls, i e .dire t en. f tt rr w pressing the ballsintothe channel I 5. Thedown ward pull whicnmay be only the. weight on the halls of the carrier and tool or may ,be consideble o ce exerted .t eteo fi l, aswh n w t a in Men reemem di tribu ed: f m t v upward i he der, t er 'e e. J 5 i the re t en,

arrows D and C will move the balls outwardly disengaging them from the groove [5 and allowing the carrier member H], with its removable parts to pass downwardly (or outwardly to the right of Fig. 1)

In practice, I have found this fit may be as close as :two or three ten-thousandths of an inch, and a five-sixteenths of an inch ball will spring without,.wear,on the parts, and, ,in,efi.ect,,cause a s apt et q e u i i h and' res e to effect the unlocking operation.

As the body It is thus moved outwardly, the tapered surfaces are separated, as shown in Fig. 6. Qn the insertion of the body, however, a slight compressionpt,the air, ahead of the tool carrier and assembly, will be vented through aradial passagefi tQrzthfiQSIifilQG below the flange 2| and be passed put through the opening 64, leading from the relief channel 63.

In the modified form shown in Fig. 8, the body member 10 has ate-pared shank; large in -proportioneto that shownin Fig. 1; and-for adifierent mounti-ngor engaging emeans As in;Fig.-l -an=enlarged head portion -13is provided with an accurately groundi steepeangle inn ternal surface .46 to receive-.an accurately fitting tapered-surface on. arcol-let carrier Bliswhich; intur-n receives-a :spring igr ippedscollet member .90- provided with the: threads. andagripping nut,=:9l* corresponding-to, the; nut-or collars-50,: previously ciescriheda' Instead .Ofithe. balls I 2, which-provide only point and line contact in their effective position, I may s ure l nger wear: nd more ruggedrnoldins feet--by means trsesm nt l: lements 123 84 8 ounded :s ta es 6 fittin .z nfiO rooves J 5"T QIr" espondin -ta e s eev s J T e endspfith se se menta wm mhe s rea-para lel, .andsqundewto are curved to precisely fit the inner surface of the sliding sleeve ME), corresponding to, the sleeve 28'. The locking elements may be permitted'to move outwardly intoa groove i651 corresponding-to the groove 25, having -a sloping side Hi8, as shown. Thus, when the sleeve ion ismoved upwardly (to the left in Fig. 8) the gro0ve-|ll5 is'brought opposite the outer faces of the-locking elements,

permitting them to move outwardly sufficient-ly to clear the groove l5 'in-the-colletcarrier. The other direction of movement of thesleeve causes the sloping side of the groove N35 to act -0n-a bevel Hi l to force the elements 12 into the groove; l5.'

The carriermay now-bemoved outwardly from;

in position.

To assure the loosening or displacement of th carrier, it is only necessary to provide means for striking a light but sharp blow on the collet carrier at the inner end. For this purpose, I have shown a knockout pin H0 slidably fitted in the head 13, and having a beveled point or surface atthe inner end, adapted to stroke against a beveled edge H2, formed on the inner end of the collet carrier.

The outer end of the pin is preferably provided with a head H5, normally resting against a fiat portion of a groove or slot I I6 and adapted to engage a beveled portion Il'l. As the collar if!!! is thrust upwardly or inwardly, the pin is driven inwardly, striking sharply against the beveled surface I i2. This slight blow is sufficient to release the tight grip of the fitted tapered surfaces between the collet carrier and head, allowing the carrier to be freely removed.

As stated in connection with the form shown in Fig. 1, gravity normally holds the locking elements in engaging position, but it is preferable to use a latching or spring actuated means for holding the locking collar mo in the locking position.

In the'form shown in Fig. 8, I may provide one or preferably several sliding pins i2ll, normally urged towardthe shoulder l2! by the springs I25, and thus acting to exert a downward or outward thrust upon the collar Hi0.

Limiting the outward movement, I may provide a retaining collar I 39, held by screw elements I32, secured in the outer end of the collet carrier receiving portion of the head 13, and fitted into a counter-bore H3 in the sleeve N39.

The locking elements of this modified form, instead of having rounded inner faces may have flat surfaces at an angle to each other. Thus, the elements Mil, shown in Figs. 11, 14 and 15, are formed as segments of a curve with rounded parallel ends, as are the elements 12, the outer face fitting the inner surface of the sleeve liiil. while at the inner side is a beveled surface Hi! at an angle of approximately forty-five degrees, presented to a corresponding surface I42, functioning as does the upper side of the groove I5, engaging either the balls I2 or the rounded sur faces 18 of the elements 12.

The opposing beveled surface I44 is more gradually sloped to facilitate entry of the collet carrier as before the clearance groove "15 have a sloping side at its for sliding or camming the locking elements into position.

The shank portion of the carrier, shown in Fig. 8, is preferably provided with a long central bore H, which may permit a long shank tool to extend above the gripping collet- Screw threads shown at l 46 may serve for special locking of the driving shank when desired.

Various modifications of my invention may be made without departing from the spirit and intent, as defined in the appended claims.

I claim:

1. A chuck having a driving shank and a head portion with a tapered socket in the head portion and an opening therethrough, a tool carrier member having a taper fitting the socket, a sleeve surrounding the head and having surface acting in one position to cause the locking element to engage the carrier shoulder and in another position to release the locking element, a movable element projecting inwardly from the head for striking a blow exerting outward axial 6 force on the carrier, and means on said sleeve for actuating the element and effecting the striking of the blow when the sleeve is moved to the releasing position.

2. A chuck having a driving shank and enlarged head portion provided with a tapered socket, a tool carrying member having a tapered surface fitting said socket and coacting driving surfaces brought into engagement when the carrier is moved into the socket, a sleeve slidable on the head, a locking element radially movable in the head, and a groove in the carrier surface, and another groove on the inner surface of the sleeve, the groove on the carrier being adapted to be tightly engaged by the locking element when the sleeve is in one position, and the groove in the sleeve presenting clearance space for permitting outward movement of the locking element when the sleeve is in releasing position, and spring actuated means for holding the sleeve in looking position. i

3. In a chuck the combination of a driving head having a tapered socket, a carrier adapted to be closely fitted into said socket, axially slidable means for locking the carrier in the socket, a movable element carried by the head and adapted to impinge against the carrier for striking a sharp blow on the carrier consequent upon the release of the locking element by movement of the axially slidable means.

4. A chuck having a driving head with a tapered socket for receiving the tapered surface of a tool carrier, a tool carrier fitting therein, a movable locking element, a sleeve slidable on the head for holding the element in looking position, a movable element for striking a blow on the inner end of the carrier, and a shoulder on the sleeve for impinging against and actuating said latter element when the sleeve is moved to lockreleasing position.

5. In a chuck the combination of a driving and carrying head having a tapered socket, a tool carrier having a tapered surface fitting the head, the carrier having a groove partially circular in cross section, balls movably carried by the head, and a sleeve having a cylindrical inner surface slidably embracing the head and having a groove also adapted to receive and closely fit a portion of the surface of the balls whereby axial movement of the sleeve to one position forces and holds the balls into locking engagement with the carrier and exerting inward pressure on the balls and presents its groove permitting outward releasing movement of the balls in another position, the head having radial openings into which the balls are closely fitted to permit the radial movement while preventing distortion under locking pressure.

6. In a chuck the combination of a driving and carrying head having a taper socket, a tool carrier having a surface adapted to fit into said socket, said head having a radial opening extending from said surface to the outer side of the head, an accurately machined locking element closely fitted into said opening and movable radially, and means limiting inward movement of the element in the absence of said carrier, the carrier having a recess adapted to receive and closely fit a convex surface on said element, and a sleeve axially movable on the head and having a cylindrical inner surface for holding the locking element in its carrier-engaging position and having a groove permitting outward movement of the locking element for releasing the carrier to permit removal of the carrier.

a rergewr 7 7. In :a chuck;itheicombination'of aidrivingzand carryingheadzzhaving a tapered--socket',:' a tool. carrier'rhaving. atapered surfaee fitting the head, the carrier having a recess,::a lockings elemenh o movablyearriedrby the head asleeveslidably em 5 bracing theheadsand-ihaving a. recess adapted to allow; outward movement ioif the 'll0cking' e1 ement r and so 'xpositioned'r that axialamovement of 1311635; sleevesfoiees the :'element -.into :lockingxe'ngagw ment wheirrin one-. position-,'-and?presents-its re cess to 'Jpermit" outward releasingxmovement :of z the element 2 When', :in .aanother position, and; a 1n radiallyifiinwardlyaprojecting:driving "pin fixedutin therhead and-engagingthe carriervandradapted'to shear under excessive strain :on the tool;-:

8. ilnza chuck: the combination'with :a shank andzfhead portionahaving: .a tapered isocket, the: socket; having an eaxia'l' clearance bore extending r a distance' intotheshankcomparable to the'axial J length of the taperedzsockewatoolccarrierrmemt ber fitting into said socket, the carrier having: meansfor gripping a workingctoolrand-having a recesszpresentingsa shouldergthe head having an opening; a locking-element radiallyimovable in said opening: andea sleeve having"surfaces' for moving the; locking; element into engagement witlrf'itherecess-:shoulderras:theasleeveis moved axially; the means-fori'gri-pping the working tool beingsadapted to engage theasurfa-ee of the tool: at various positions, -holding fiit concentrically. whileipermittingiaxiahadjustmentm- 9. A chuck.-having:a driving'shank-anda headportion with, a: tapered socket-in the.:headzportion' andfrianvv accurately: machined radial wopenin therethreug-h; a tool; carriermemberhaving iaa 15 v:derstightly engaging both sidesof each "driving u itool earrier member.

10. The structure defined in claim -9 in whitih are provided a plurality of shearable driving ele mentsproj eetingradially inwardly from the heam and=ithe carrier member-having coactingwhoul elementtlwheh the 'carrier member is in its opera tive position: a

WINDSOR" N. CHIITENDENE REFERENCES: CITED The followingireferences"are of record'in the fileof this" patent: Q

UNITED STATES"PATENTSL Number Name Date 881;"075 Hashing Mar';3, I908 1,278,427 Bocorselski Sept. 10,?[918 1,305,257 Du'fresne z. June3; 1'919 1,449,440 Plank"; Marl 21 11923 -1,636,421 Kfibtt July 1'19,"192'1 1,863,108 Glerizer; June 14, 1932 1,973,942 Buhr; Sept, 18,""1934 2,272,185' Chitt'n'deri; Feb. 10,1942 2,463,253 Earle Mar; 1-, 1949+:-

FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country. D t 1,732 Great-Britain's-u of 1913' a 

